全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读二试...

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　　全国 2019 年 1 月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读（二）试题
课程代码： 00596
I. Reading Comprehension. (50 points, 2 points for each)
Directions : In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
Two decades ago, the channels that separate the Adriatic Islands were brimming with giant blue-fin tuna, a species so plentiful that tourists used to climb ladders by the sea to watch the schools swim by.
Today, these majestic predators are rarely, if ever, caught. The catches have dropped by 80 percent over the past few years, even for high-tech trawlers that now comb remote corners of the sea in search of the hard-to-find fish.
“ This is past the alarm stage, ” said Simon Cripps, director of the global marine program at the World Wildlife Fund. “ We are seeing a complete collapse of the tuna population. It could disappear and never come back. ” The group is urging the European Union to impose an immediate fishing moratorium until the international body that regulates tuna catches meets in Dubrovnik, Croatia, in November.
Many edible fish stocks in the Mediterranean and its extension, the Adriatic, have sharply declined in the past decade because of pollution and intensive fishing, including crayfish and John Dory, according to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. In Croatia, much of the fish eaten at seaside resorts is imported from as far away as the United States.
But it is the blue-fin tuna that is in crisis, thanks to a new and lucrative European network of fishing and fish farming companies that provide the prized fish to sushi and sashimi markets in Japan. With tuna prices going as high as $ 15 a pound in Tokyo, European trawlers fish for tuna aggressively and illegally, far exceeding international quotas meant to protect the species, scientists said. Compounding the problem is the recent development of tuna fattening farms in Croatia, Spain, Turkey and other Mediterranean countries.
Now, even small juvenile tuna, captured in the few corners of the Mediterranean where the species still breeds or even from the Atlantic, can be brought to the vast underwater cages that line the Croatian coast, where they are fed for months or years until they are ready for market. And so, though few tuna are in Croatia’s seas and none are in its restaurants, tuna is one of this country’s most lucrative food exports. One hundred percent of Croatia’s tuna is farm-fattened, ending up as toro—precious, fatty raw tuna.
Questions 1-5 are based on Passage One.
1. In the second paragraph, “ these majestic predators ” refer to ______.
A. big fish B. blue-fin tuna
C. crayfish D. fish that eat other fishes
2. Blue-fin tuna is in crisis because ______.
A. fishing companies catch the fish to-excess for money
B. it takes a long time for small tuna to grow up
C. there is no law to protect this species
D. the natural environment worsens
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Tuna is a typical dish on Croatian dinner table.
B. Europe consumes most of the tuna Croatia exports.
C. There are large amounts of tuna in the Mediterranean area.
D. Small tuna are kept at the Croatia’s coast and fed to be sold.
4. The author points out that ______.
A. intensive fishing causes sharp decline of the fish stock
B. it is quite difficult to catch tuna in the Mediterranean seas
C. Croatia doesn’t really need to import fish
D. tuna is the most expensive fish on market
5. “ One hundred percent of Croatia’s tuna is farm-fattened ” . This means that Croatia’s tuna are ______.
A. fed and fattened by crops B. of first class quality
C. kept and fed to larger size D. very fat
Passage Two
A college education can be very costly in the United States, especially at a private school. Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for college.
There are different federal loans and private loans for students and parents. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st. As borrowing has increased, there are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt. In 1993, less than one-half of graduates from four-year colleges had student loans. Now two-thirds of them do. Their average loan debt when they graduate is nineteen thousand dollars. At public universities, the average is seventeen thousand dollars.
The Project on Student Debt is an action group that collects these numbers from reports. It notes that averages do not present the full picture. For example, in 2004, one-fourth of students with loans graduated more than twenty-five thousand dollars in debt. And that did not include borrowing by their parents. The Project on Student Debt says parents as well as students are borrowing more to pay for college. Students can expect to take about ten years to pay back their loans. Repayment does not begin until after they are out of school.
Higher borrowing limits have also helped push up student debts. Students from all economic levels are borrowing more. Corrected for inflation, student loans have increased around sixty percent in ten years.
Researchers say one effect is that the higher the debts, the more likely graduates are to look only for high paying jobs. That means there is less chance they will take jobs in areas like teaching or other public service. A study done in 2002 for a major student lender found that debts can also affect lives in other ways. Some students paying back their college loans said they delayed buying their first house. Some delayed marriage or having children.
In May, groups representing students, parents and college officials asked the government to change some of its loan repayment rules. The requested changes would recognize graduates who have difficulty repaying their loans because they do not earn very much. They would be able to pay less fight after they graduate, then pay more as their earnings increase.
Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two.
6. According to the passage, one may expect that young people graduate with a debt may ______.
A. be looked down upon by others B. never be able to get rid of it
C. avoid starting a family very early D. not have to repay all their debts
7. Which of the following is NOT true about student loans?
A. Higher tuition fees give rise to student loan.
B. Students from well-off families don’t borrow money.
C. Higher borrowing limits allow students to loan more money.
D. It may take quite a long time for graduates to repay their debts.
8. Groups representing students, parents and college officials appealed to the government to ______.
A. raise graduates’ pay at work
B. provide more loan options for students
C. cut down the amount that students have to repay
D. allow graduates to gradually increase their repayment
9. The passage is a(n) ______.
A. statement of facts B. argument against high student loans
C. comment on a controversial issue D. suggestion about student loans
10. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Costly Education, Heavier Burden
B. Fresh out of College, and in Debt
C. Efforts to Finance College Education
D. Graduates Expect Lower Repayment
Passage Three
On the New York Mercantile Exchange, oil prices broke the record of $ 76.70 a barrel set just Thursday. The new price of oil for delivery in August shot to $77.95 before finishing the day at $77.03.
While $80-a-barrel oil seemed like a skeptic’s worst-case outlook a few months ago, oil traders are increasingly saying that it is now just a matter of time before prices cross that threshold. Oil futures contracts for delivery beyond this summer passed $ 80 a barrel for the first time on Thursday.
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